Efektivitas Digital Adherence Technologies dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Tuberkulosis: Literature Review

Tsalsa Putri Damayanti, Iwan Ardian, Iskim Luthfa

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ABSTRACT

 

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health challenge, where treatment success is highly dependent on long-term medication adherence. Non-adherence significantly contributes to therapeutic failure, relapse, and the emergence of drug resistance. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Digital Adherence Technologies (DAT) in improving medication adherence among TB patients. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on original research articles published between 2021 and 2025. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a structured data extraction method. The findings demonstrate that various DAT modalities, including electronic medication monitors (EMM), Video Observed Therapy (VOT), mobile health applications (such as the TOBAT app), and SMS reminders, generally enhance medication adherence. Notably, some studies reported a substantial reduction in non-adherence, with EMM decreasing rates from 36.5% to 10.2% in specific contexts. In Indonesia, mobile-based interventions showed a significant increase in adherence (p=0.000). However, the impact on clinical outcomes varies depending on the responsiveness of healthcare providers to the generated digital data. In conclusion, DAT is effective in enhancing TB treatment adherence and holds great potential as an alternative or complement to conventional directly observed therapy, particularly when integrated with active monitoring and follow-up by healthcare professionals. This integration ensures that digital insights are translated into timely clinical actions, maximizing the benefits of technological interventions in community-based TB management.

 

Keywords: Digital Adherence Technologies, Medication Adherence, Tuberculosis.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Tuberkulosis (TB) tetap menjadi salah satu tantangan utama kesehatan masyarakat global, di mana keberhasilan pengobatan sangat bergantung pada kepatuhan minum obat jangka panjang. Ketidakpatuhan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap kegagalan terapi, kekambuhan, dan peningkatan risiko resistensi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas Digital Adherence Technologies (DAT) dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien TB. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan penelusuran melalui database PubMed dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel penelitian orisinal yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2021–2025. Sebanyak 13 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan tabel ekstraksi data yang terstruktur untuk menjamin kedalaman tinjauan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa berbagai modalitas DAT, termasuk electronic medication monitors(EMM), Video Observed Therapy (VOT), aplikasi mobile health (seperti aplikasi TOBAT), dan pengingat SMS, secara umum mampu meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat secara signifikan. Beberapa studi melaporkan penurunan angka ketidakpatuhan yang drastis, di mana penggunaan EMM menurunkan angka ketidakpatuhan dari 36,5% menjadi 10,2% pada konteks tertentu. Di Indonesia, intervensi berbasis aplikasi mobile juga menunjukkan peningkatan kepatuhan yang sangat signifikan dengan nilai p=0,000. Namun, dampak terhadap luaran klinis akhir masih bervariasi, hasil ini berkaitan pada responsivitas tenaga kesehatan dalam menindaklanjuti data digital yang dihasilkan. Sebagai kesimpulan, DAT terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan pasien TB dan memiliki potensi besar sebagai alternatif atau pelengkap strategi pengawasan langsung konvensional. Keberhasilan implementasi teknologi ini sangat bergantung pada integrasi sistem dengan pemantauan aktif dan tindak lanjut yang konsisten oleh tenaga kesehatan di lapangan.

 

Kata Kunci: Digital Adherence Technologies, Kepatuhan Pengobatan, Tuberkulosis.


Kata Kunci


Digital adherence technologies; kepatuhan pengobatan; tuberkulosis

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i9.25835

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