Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Usia ≥15 Tahun di Wilayah Industri Puskesmas Kertamukti, Karawang

Namira Wadjir Sangadji, Susi Shorayasari, Riswandi Azkadea Novan

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in industrial areas. Kertamukti Community Health Center in Karawang — located within a densely industrialized region — has recorded a steady increase in ARI prevalence among adults aged ≥15 years, from 2.0% in 2022 to 2.5% in the first semester of 2024. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the incidence of ARI among the population aged ≥15 years in the working area of Kertamukti Community Health Center, Karawang Regency. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 respondents selected through purposive sampling from outpatients of the Public Polyclinic in August 2024. The dependent variable was ARI status (based on medical records), while the independent variables included sex, smoking status, knowledge of ARI, mask use, hand-washing habits, mosquito coil use, body mass index, and perceived air pollution exposure. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The bivariate analysis indicated that smoking status (p=0.001; PR=2.27) and sex (p=0.002; PR=2.13) were significantly associated with ARI. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that smoking status was the most dominant predictor (p<0.001; Exp(B)=4.416; 95% CI: 1.970–9.900), while mask use showed a strong protective trend (p=0.077; Exp(B)=2.051). The apparent association with sex disappeared after adjusting for smoking, indicating a confounding effect. Smoking is the dominant risk factor for ARI among adults in an industrial area. Public health interventions should prioritize tobacco control and the consistent use of masks as protective measures.

 

Keywords: ARI, Smoking, Mask Use, Industrial Area, Adult, Karawang.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, terutama di kawasan industri. Puskesmas Kertamukti di Karawang yang berada di wilayah padat industri mencatat kenaikan prevalensi ISPA pada usia ≥15 tahun, yaitu dari 2,0% pada 2022 menjadi 2,5% pada semester pertama 2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada usia ≥15 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kertamukti, Karawang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) terhadap 125 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dari pasien Poli Umum Rawat Jalan pada Agustus 2024. Variabel terikat adalah status ISPA berdasarkan rekam medis, sedangkan variabel bebas mencakup jenis kelamin, status merokok, pengetahuan ISPA, penggunaan masker, kebiasaan cuci tangan, penggunaan obat anti-nyamuk bakar, indeks massa tubuh, dan persepsi paparan polusi udara. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square untuk analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik untuk analisis multivariat. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa status merokok (p=0,001; PR=2,27) dan jenis kelamin (p=0,002; PR=2,13) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA. Pada analisis multivariat, status merokok merupakan prediktor paling dominan (p<0,001; Exp(B)=4,416; IK 95%: 1,970–9,900), sedangkan penggunaan masker (p=0,077; Exp(B)=2,051). Hubungan dengan jenis kelamin hilang setelah dikontrol oleh variabel merokok, mengindikasikan adanya efek perancu (confounding). Merokok merupakan faktor risiko paling dominan untuk kejadian ISPA pada orang dewasa di wilayah industri. Intervensi kesehatan masyarakat perlu memprioritaskan program pengendalian tembakau dan penggunaan masker yang konsisten.

 

Kata Kunci: ISPA, Merokok, Penggunaan Masker, Wilayah Industri, Dewasa, Karawang.


Kata Kunci


ISPA, merokok, penggunaan masker, wilayah industri, dewasa, Karawang

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i9.26314

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