Pengalaman Ibu Hamil dengan HIV yang Mengalami Stigma Sosial: Literature Review

Retno Pramudita, Nur Azizah Indriastuti

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ABSTRACT

 

Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a global health problem that affects not Only physical health but also psychological and social wellbeing. Pregnant women living with HIV are considered a vulnerable group because they frequently experience social stigma in various forms, including discrimination, social exclusion, negative perceptions from society, and internalized stigma. These conditions may negatively affect mental health, quality of life, and access to healthcare services. This study aimed to review the experiences of pregnant women living with HIV who experience social stigma. This study used a literature review method by searching articles through PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. The articles included were primary research articles published in English between 2022-2026. A total of 1,098 articles were identified, and after the screening process based on inclusion criteria and relevance, 11 articles were included in the analysis. The results showed that pregnant women with HIV frequently experienced stigma in the form of discrimination, fear of disclosing their HIV status, limited social support, and negative treatment from the surrounding environment. Stigma also caused psychological impacts such as anxiety, stress, fear, emotional distress, and decreased self-confidence during pregnancy. In addition, stigma affected healthcare utilization, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and participation in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) programs. Factors influencing stigma included low public knowledge regarding HIV, lack of family and social support, and persistent negative perceptions toward people living with HIV. In conclusion, social stigma remains a major challenge for pregnant women living with HIV and significantly affects their psychological wellbeing and utilization of healthcare services. Therefore, efforts to reduce stigma through public education, psychosocial support, and non-discriminatory healthcare services are needed to improve quality of life and treatment outcomes. 

 

Keywords: Experience, Pregnant Women, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Social Stigma.

  

ABSTRAK

 

Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Masih menjadi masalah Kesehatan global yang tidak Hanya berdampak pada kondisi fisik, tetapi juga kesejahteraan psikologis dan Sosial. Ibu Hamil dengan HIV merupakan kelompok yang rentan Karena Sering mengalami stigma sosial dalam berbagai bentuk, seperti diskriminasi, pengucilan sosial, pandangan negatif masyarakat, serta stigma terinternalisasi dalam Diri individu. Kondisi tersebut dapat memengaruhi Kesehatan mental, kualitas hidup, dan akses ibu terhadap pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengalaman ibu hamil dengan HIV yang mengalami stigma sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Literature Review dengan pencarian artikel melalui database Pubmed, Scopus, dan Science Direct. Artikel yang digunakan merupakan artikel penelitian primer berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2022-2026. Sebanyak 1.098 artikel ditemukan, dan setelah dilakukan proses seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan kesesuaian, diperoleh 11 artikel yang dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil dengan HIV masih sering mengalami stigma berupa diskriminasi untuk membuka status HIV, keterbatasan dukungan sosial, serta perlakuan negatif dari lingkungan sekitar. Stigma juga menimbulkan dampak psikologis seperti kecemasan, stress, ketakutan, tekanan emosional, dan penurunan rasa percaya diri selama masa kehamilan. Selain itu, stigma memengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan, kepatuhan menjalani terapi antiretroviral, serta keterlibatan dalam program Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT). Faktor yang memengaruhi munculnya stigma meliputi rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai HIV, kurangnya dukungan keluarga dan sosial, serta masih adanya persepsi negatif terhadap penderita HIV di masyarakat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa stigma sosial masih menjadi tentangan utama bagi ibu hamil dengan HIV dan berdampak pada kondisi psikologis serta pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya untuk menurunkan stigma melalui peningkatan edukasi masyarakat, dukungan psikososial, dan pelayanan kesehatan yang tidak diskriminatif guna meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan keberhasilan pengobatan.

 

Kata Kunci: Pengalaman, Ibu Hamil, Human Immnunodeficiency Virus, Stigma Sosial.


Kata Kunci


Pengalaman; Ibu Hamil; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Stigma Sosial

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i9.26751

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