Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan HIV dari Ibu Ke Anak Pada Ibu Hamil dengan HIV: A Literature Review

Nur Syifa Madina, Nur Azizah Indriastuti

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

HIV/AIDS remains a global public health problem. By 2024, an estimated 40.8 million people were living with HIV worldwide, with many children acquiring HIV through mother-to-child transmission. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) is the primary strategy for preventing such transmission, but its success is still influenced by various factors. This study aimed to identify and analyze factors influencing HIV prevention behaviors among pregnant women with HIV. The study used a literature review method by searching articles through the PubMed and Scopus databases. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria and analyzed narratively. Nine articles met the criteria. The results showed that prevention behaviors were influenced by adherence to antiretroviral therapy, psychosocial conditions, HIV status disclosure, knowledge of PMTCT, partner involvement, and the quality and innovation of health services. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy was an important factor in the success of PMTCT, while stigma, depression, low social support, and limited access to services were barriers. A comprehensive approach involving education, counseling, psychosocial support, partner involvement, and service innovation is needed to improve the success of PMTCT and reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

 

Keywords: HIV, Prevention Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT), Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV, Pregnant Women, Preventive Behavior, Literature Review.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

HIV/AIDS masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat global. Pada tahun 2024 diperkirakan terdapat 40,8 juta orang hidup dengan HIV di seluruh dunia, dengan sebagian kasus HIV pada anak terjadi melalui penularan dari ibu ke anak. Program Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) merupakan strategi utama untuk mencegah penularan tersebut, namun keberhasilannya masih dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak pada ibu hamil dengan HIV. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan pencarian artikel melalui database PubMed dan Scopus. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara naratif. Sebanyak sembilan artikel memenuhi kriteria. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perilaku pencegahan dipengaruhi oleh kepatuhan terhadap terapi antiretroviral, kondisi psikososial, pengungkapan status HIV, pengetahuan mengenai PMTCT, keterlibatan pasangan, serta kualitas dan inovasi pelayanan kesehatan. Kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral menjadi faktor penting dalam keberhasilan PMTCT, sedangkan stigma, depresi, rendahnya dukungan sosial, dan keterbatasan akses pelayanan menjadi hambatan. Pendekatan komprehensif melalui edukasi, konseling, dukungan psikososial, keterlibatan pasangan, dan inovasi pelayanan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan PMTCT dan menurunkan risiko penularan HIV dari ibu kepada anak.

 

Kata Kunci: HIV, Prevention Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT), Penularan HIV dari Ibu Ke Anak, Ibu Hamil,Perilaku Pencegahan, Literature Review.


Kata Kunci


HIV; Prevention Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT); penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak; ibu hamil; perilaku pencegahan; literature review

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i9.26846

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