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Faktor-Faktor Pengetahuan Perawatan Kaki dengan Risiko Kejadian Luka Kaki Diabetes pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
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ABSTRACT
A frequent complication in diabetes mellitus is diabetic leg wounds. The incidence of diabetic foot injuries is still very high, not only in the world but also in Indonesia. As many as 90% of wounds due to neuropathy and infection are not handled properly. Lack of information on foot care knowledge is a major problem with foot injuries. Foot care is very effective in preventing the risk of diabetic foot injuries. The purpose of this literature study is to determine the factors of foot care care with the risk of diabetic foot injury incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method in this study uses Systematics Review, through systematic tracing on 4 databases, namely Proquest, EBSCOHost, Scopus and Science Direct, published in 2015 – 2020. Of the 1,627 references that have been identified, 30 references have been examined in detail and carefully, out of these references, 17 research references were obtained that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all of which are relevant to the variables in this systematic review. Of the 17 references used, the results showed factors of foot care knowledge with the risk of incidence of diabetic foot injuries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Factors that can influence the level of knowledge in foot care with the risk of diabetic foot injuries are the level of education, a person's behavior, foot care carried out, family or partner support, education carried out, audio-visual media provided and health insurance. Factors that influence knowledge in carrying out foot care can prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot injuries and for subsequent research can examine related to the most influencing factors or other factors of the level of knowledge. This literature study shows that there is a relationship between factors of foot care knowledge and the risk of diabetic foot injuries.
Keyword: Foot Care Knowledge, Diabetes Ulcer Risks, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Foot Care Practice.
ABSTRAK
Komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada diabetes mellitus adalah luka kaki diabetes. Angka terjadinya luka kaki diabetes masih sangat tinggi, tidak hanya di Dunia tetapi juga di Indonesia. Sebanyak 90% luka akibat neuropathy dan infeksi tidak tertangani dengan baik. Kurangnya informasi terhadap pengetahuan perawatan kaki menjadi masalah utama terjadinya luka kaki diebetes. Perawatan kaki sangat efektif dalam mencegah terjadinya risiko luka kaki diabetes. Tujuan studi literatur ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor pengetahaun perawatan kaki dengan risiko kejadian luka kaki diabetes pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Sistematika Review, melalui penelusuran secara sistematis pada 4 database yaitu Proquest, EBSCOHost, Scopus dan Science Direct, dipublikasikan tahun 2015 – 2020. Dari 1,627 jumlah referensi yang telah diidentifikasi terdapat 30 referensi yang diperiksa dengan detail dan seksama, dari jumlah referensi tersebut didapatkan 17 referensi penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi, dimana seluruhnya relevan dengan variabel pada sistematik review ini. Dari 17 referensi yang digunakan hasilnya menunjukkan faktor-faktor pengetahuan perawatan kaki dengan risiko kejadian luka kaki diabetes pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan dalam perawatan kaki dengan risiko luka kaki diabetes adanya tingkat pendidikan, perilaku seseorang, perawatan kaki yang dilakukan, dukungan keluarga ataupun pasangan, edukasi yang dilakukan, media audio visual yang diberikan dan asuransi kesehatan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan dalam melakukan perawatan kaki dapat mencegah terjadinya luka kaki diabetes dan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat meneliti terkait faktor yang paling mempengaruhi atau faktor lain dari tingkat pengetahuan. Studi literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor-faktor pengetahuan perawatan kaki dan risiko luka kaki diabetes.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Perawatan Kaki, Risiko Luka Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Praktik Perawatan Kaki.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i4.8300
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