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Lactobacillus Sp. Di Rongga Mulut: Patogen Atau Probiotik?
Abstract
Lactobacillus sp. menunjukkan peran ganda sebagai patogen dan probiotik dalam rongga mulut. Beberapa spesies tertentu, seperti L. casei, L. paracasei, dan L. rhamnosus, sering dikaitkan dengan perkembangan karies gigi karena kemampuannya sebagai asidogenik dan pembentuk biofilm, yang memungkinkan berkembang biak dengan baik di lingkungan dengan pH rendah dan berkontribusi pada demineralisasi gigi. Sebaliknya, spesies lain seperti L. crispatus, L. salivarius, dan L. gasseri menunjukkan sifat probiotik yang signifikan, termasuk penghambatan patogen oral utama (misalnya, Streptococcus mutans dan Porphyromonas gingivalis), pengurangan inflamasi, dan peningkatan imunitas mukosa mulut. Strain probiotik Lactobacillus dapat memulihkan keseimbangan mikroba, menghasilkan zat antimikroba seperti asam organik, hidrogen peroksida, dan bakteriosin, serta membentuk biofilm pelindung yang membatasi kolonisasi patogen. Dampak Lactobacillus pada rongga mulut sangat bergantung pada strain dan konteksnya, dengan beberapa strain meningkatkan kesehatan mulut sementara yang lain dapat memperburuk penyakit. Dengan demikian, aplikasi probiotik Lactobacillus yang ditargetkan memberikan harapan untuk mencegah dan mengelola penyakit mulut, meskipun penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengklarifikasi mekanisme dan memastikan keamanan secara klinis.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jmm.v9i3.21440
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