Muscle strength and the risk of falls in community-dwelling elderly in Central Java in urban and rural areas
Abstract
Background: The elderly are individuals aged 60 and above, marking the final stage of the life cycle. The World Health Organization classifies the elderly into four groups: middle-aged elderly (45-59 years), elderly (60-74 years), older elderly (75-90 years), and very old elderly (above 90 years). Currently, there are 142 million people aged 60 and above in the 11 Southeast Asian WHO member countries. By 2050, this number is expected to triple, prompting the WHO to urge nations to prioritize aging on World Health Day. Decreased muscle strength for postural control is a risk factor for falls in the elderly, and a significant portion of falls may be attributed to this component. In Indonesia, the rate of fall-related injuries due to balance disorders is found to be 49.4% in individuals above 55 years, 67.1% in those above 65 years, and up to 35% in individuals between 70-75 years.
Purpose: To determine the influence of muscle strength on the risk of falls in the elderly in urban and rural areas.
Method: This study employed a cross-sectional study design, investigating the correlation between risk factors (independent) and outcomes (dependent) based on data collection through observations conducted at a single point in time. The research was conducted in Gonilan village as a representative urban area and Boyolali Regency, Central Java, as a representative rural area in August 2023. The study population included the elderly in Gonilan and Boyolali. Non-probability sampling with quota sampling was used, resulting in 204 participants meeting the survey criteria.
Results: Muscle strength in urban areas with low categories had an odds ratio (OR) of -0.282, Exp B of 1.048, ρ-value of 0.824 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.962. In contrast, urban areas with high categories had an OR of 0.037, Exp B of 0.754, ρ-value of 0.310 with a 95% CI of 1.130. This indicates that the ρ-value for all areas is greater than 0.05, meaning there is no influence of muscle strength on the risk of falls in urban and rural areas.
Conclusion: Based on the research findings, there is no influence of muscle strength on the risk of falls in the elderly in urban and rural areas. The risk of falls is influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions.
Keywords
References
Annisyah, A., Idramsyah, I., Bakara, D. M., & Ratnadhiyani, A. (2020). Asuhan Keperawatan Terapi Latihan pada Pasien Stroke di Ruang Stroke RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu (Doctoral dissertation, Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu).
Asti, N. P. I. P., Yanti, N. L. P. E., & Astuti, I. W. (2020). Hubungan kekuatan otot dan tingkat stres dengan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Jurnal Ners Widya Husada, 4(2), 41-46.
Astria, N. K. R., & Ariani, N. K. P. (2016). Gambaran Kualitas Tidur Pada Lansia Di Desa Adat Pecatu, Kecamatan Kuta Selatan, Kabupaten Badung Tahun 2016. Kedokteran,(Kualitas Tidur Lansia), 1-68.
Boehm, J., Franklin, R. C., & King, J. C. (2014). Falls in rural and remote community dwelling older adults: a review of the literature. Australian journal of rural health, 22(4), 146-155.
Cadore, E. L., Rodriguez-Maias, L., Sinclair, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2013). Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation research, 16(2), 105-114.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2020). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2020/12/21/0fc023221965624a644c1111/statistik-penduduk-lanjut-usia-2020.html
Delle Fave, A., Bassi, M., Boccaletti, E. S., Roncaglione, C., Bernardelli, G., & Mari, D. (2018). Promoting well-being in old age: The psychological benefits of two training programs of adapted physical activity. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 828.
Hida, T., Shimokata, H., Sakai, Y., Ito, S., Matsui, Y., Takemura, M.,& Harada, A. (2016). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic leg as potential risk factors for acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture among older women. European Spine Journal, 25, 3424-3431.
Janeczek, M., Gefen, T., Samimi, M., Kim, G., Weintraub, S., Bigio, E., & Geula, C. (2018). Variations in acetylcholinesterase activity within human cortical pyramidal neurons across age and cognitive trajectories. Cerebral cortex, 28(4), 1329-1337.
Lachman, M. E., Teshale, S., & Agrigoroaei, S. (2015). Midlife as a pivotal period in the life course: Balancing growth and decline at the crossroads of youth and old age. International journal of behavioral development, 39(1), 20-31.
Lusardi, M. M., Fritz, S., Middleton, A., Allison, L., Wingood, M., Phillips, E., & Chui, K. K. (2017). Determining risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis using posttest probability. Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001), 40(1), 1.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2016. Retrieved from: http://hukor.kemkes.go.id/uploads/produk_hukum/PMK_No._25_ttg_Rencana_Aksi_Nasional_Kesehatan_Lanjut_Usia_Tahun_2016-2019_.pdf
Murtiyani, N., & Suidah, H. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian intervensi 12 Balance Exercise terhadap keseimbangan postural pada Lansia. Jurnal Keperawatan, 12(1), 11-11.
Nugraha, S. (2020). Prediktor faktor lingkungan sosial untuk kualitas hidup lansia di wilayah rural dan urban. Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS), 4(1), 81-89.
Rachmatika, B., Komalasari, D. R., Widodo, A., & Rahman, F. (2022). Hubungan Keseimbangan Tubuh Dan Kebugaran Fisik Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pada Lanjut Usia Di Daerah Urban Surakarta. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(7), 1839-1849.
Ramadhani, A. R., Munawwarah, M., Maratis, J., & Ivanali, K. (2021). Hubungan Fungsi Kognitif Dengan Keseimbangan Pada Lansia Dengan Mild Cognitive Impairment. Jurnal Ilmiah Fisioterapi (JIF), 4(02), 27-34.
Ranti, R. A. (2021). Analisis Hubungan Keseimbangan, Kekuatan Otot, Fleksibilitas Dan Faktor Lain Terhadap Risiko Jatuh Pada Lansia Di PSTW Budi Mulia 4 Jakarta. Journal of Baja Health Science, 1(01), 84-95.
Ravindran, R. M., & Kutty, V. R. (2016). Risk factors for fall-related injuries leading to hospitalization among community-dwelling older persons: a hospital-based case-control study in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(1_suppl), 70S-76S.
Reimann, H., Ramadan, R., Fettrow, T., Hafer, J. F., Geyer, H., & Jeka, J. J. (2020). Interactions between different age-related factors affecting balance control in walking. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, 94.
Renfro, M. O., & Fehrer, S. (2011). Multifactorial screening for fall risk in community-dwelling older adults in the primary care office: development of the fall risk assessment & screening tool. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 34(4), 174-183.
Rohima, V., Rusdi, I., & Karota, E. (2020). Faktor Resiko Jatuh pada Lansia di Unit Pelayanan Primer Puskesmas Medan Johor. Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI), 4(2), 108-114.
Sari, D. R. K., Motik, A. F., & Sudaryanto, W. T. (2023). Uji Reliabilitas Keseimbangan Dinamis Dengan The Timed Up And Go Test Pada Lanjut Usia Dengan Osteoarthritis Lutut.
Seangpraw, K., Ratanasiripong, N. T., & Ratanasiripong, P. (2019). Predictors of quality of life of the rural older adults in Northern Thailand. Journal of Health Research, 33(6), 450-459.
Shanas, E., Townsend, P., Wedderburn, D., Friis, H. K., Milhoj, P., & Stehouwer, J. (2017). Old people in three industrial societies. Routledge.
Tieland, M., Trouwborst, I., & Clark, B. C. (2018). Skeletal muscle performance and ageing. Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 9(1), 3-19.
Utomo, B. (2010). Hubungan antara kekuatan otot dan daya tahan otot anggota gerak bawah dengan kemampuan fungsional lanjut usia (Doctoral dissertation, UNS (Sebelas Maret University).
Valentina, N., Kurniawati, P. M., & Maramis, M. M. (2019). Correlation of lower limb muscles and body mass index with body balance in the elderly. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 35(1).
World Health Organization. (2012). Health of the elderly. Retrieved from: https://www.emro.who.int/entity/elderly-health/index.html
World Health Organization. (2022). Ageing. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1
Yoo, J. S., Kim, C. G., Yim, J., & Jeon, M. Y. (2016). Factors influencing falls in the frail elderly individuals in urban and rural areas. Aging clinical and experimental research, 28, 687-697.
Zin, P. E., Saw, Y. M., Saw, T. N., Cho, S. M., Hlaing, S. S., Noe, M. T. N., & Hamajima, N. (2020). Assessment of quality of life among elderly in urban and peri-urban areas, Yangon Region, Myanmar. Plos one, 15(10), e0241211.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/minh.v6i7.13166
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Weblink Journal move to Journal Website
https://ejurnal.malahayati.ac.id/index.php/minh/home
Weblink Jurnal berpindah ke Website Jurnal
https://ejurnal.malahayati.ac.id/index.php/minh/home