Analisis Asuhan Keperawatan melalui Intervensi Fisioterapi Dada dan Batuk Efektif pada Nn. D dan Ny. N dengan Diagnosa Medis Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah RS DKI Jakarta

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ABSTRAK

Tuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, yang dimana sebagian besar kuman menyerang parenkim paru. Kompleks bakteri akan terus merusak jaringan parenkim paru hingga menyebabkan kerusakan organ dan berujung kematian. Tuberkulosis mampu menyebar ke hampir seluruh bagian tubuh, termasuk meningen, ginjal, tulang dan kelenjar getah bening. Menganalisa asuhan keperawatan melalui intervensi fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif pada Nn. D dan Ny. N dengan diagnosa medis Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah RS DKI Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah study kasus yang dilakukan kepada 2 pasien dengan diagnose medis Tuberkulosis Paru. Penerapan yang pertama dilakukan terapi Fisioterapi dada dan dilanjutkan tindakan batuk efektif selama 3 hari berturut-turut setiap hari selama ± 20 menit pada 03 April 2023 sampai 05 April 2023 dan 27 Desember 2023 sampai 29 Desember 2023. Pada asuhan keperawatan dengan intervensi fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif terhadap pengeluaran sputum Nn.D di RSUD Budhi Asih pada 03-05 April 2023 dan Ny. N di RSU UKI pada 27-29 Desember 2023 dilakukan dalam kurung waktu 3 hari kepada kedua responden dengan Tuberkulosis Paru mendapatkan hasil perubahan yang signifikan setelah diberikan intervensi fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif yang ditandai berdasarkan hasil rata-rata evaluasi pasien mengatakan sudah dapat mengeluarkan dahak tanpa disertai nyeri saat batuk, batuk secara terus menerus berkurang, sesak napas berkurang, terdapat perubahan sputum dari warna hingga konsistensi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan analisis asuhan keperawatan pada penerapan intervensi fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif terhadap pengeluaran sputum masalah pengeluaran sputum dapat teratasi.  Penerapan fisioterapi dada dan batuk efektif dapat sebagai bahan acuan terhadap pengeluaran sputum berbasis evidence base practice.

Kata Kunci: Tuberkulosis Paru, Fisioterapi Dada, Batuk Efektif, Pengeluaran Sputum

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, where most of the germs attack the lung parenchyma. The bacterial complex will continue to damage lung parenchymal tissue, causing organ damage and leading to death. Tuberculosis can spread to almost all parts of the body, including the meninges, kidneys, bones and lymph nodes. To analyze nursing care through effective chest physiotherapy and cough interventions for Ms. D and Mrs. N with a medical diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the DKI Jakarta Hospital Area. This type of research is a case study conducted on 2 patients with a medical diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. The first application was chest physiotherapy and continued with effective coughing for 3 consecutive days every day for ± 20 minutes from 03 April 2023 to 05 April 2023 and 27 December 2023 to 29 December 2023. Nursing care with chest physiotherapy and coughing interventions was effective for Mrs. D at RSUD Budhi Asih on April 03-05, 2023 and  Mrs. N at RSU UKI on December 27-29, 2023 was carried out within 3 days for the two respondents with Pulmonary Tuberculosis who obtained significant changes after being given effective chest physiotherapy and cough interventions which were indicated based on the average results of the patient's evaluation saying they were able to expel phlegm without accompanied by pain when coughing, the cough continues to decrease, shortness of breath decreases, there is a change in sputum from colour to consistency. Thus, it can be concluded that based on the analysis of nursing care, the implementation of chest physiotherapy and coughing interventions is effective in sputum discharge. The problem of sputum discharge can be resolved. Thei application of cheist physiotheirapy and eiffeictivei coughing can bei useid as a reifeireincei for sputum eixpulsion baseid on eivideincei-baseid practicei.

Keiywords: Pulmonary Tubeirculosis, Cheist Physiotheirapy, Eiffeictivei Cough, Phleigm Eixpulsion