Panduan Penulisan
Optimalisasi Manajemen Nyeri melalui Terapi Distraksi Emosional dan Visual bagi Anak dan Keluarga dengan Perawatan Paliatif Care
Sari
ABSTRAK
Kanker pada anak adalah pertumbuhan sel abnormal yang dapat menyebar (metastasis) dan membutuhkan perawatan paliatif. Jenis kanker yang umum antara lain leukimia, tumor otak, neuroblastoma, dan osteosarcoma. Penyebab pasti belum diketahui, namun faktor genetik, paparan karsinogen, dan virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) berperan. Gejala meliputi demam menetap, nyeri berat, kelelahan, dan gangguan tumbuh kembang. Program PKM ini bertujuan mengajarkan manajemen nyeri dan pendampingan orang tua melalui terapi distraksi emosional dan visual. Pasien dan keluarga merasakan manfaat positif. Metode menggunakan action research: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan melibatkan Yayasan Peduli Anak Kanker Bali dan dilaksanakan melalui mewarnai, diskusi, dan pohon harapan. Hasil pretest menunjukkan rata-rata nyeri skala 4, dan posttest menunjukkan penurunan ke skala 1–2. Kesimpulannya, terapi distraksi efektif mengurangi nyeri secara nonfarmakologis dan perlu diterapkan secara berkelanjutan dalam perawatan paliatif anak.
Kata Kunci: Anak, Keluarga, Manajemen Nyeri, Distraksi Emosional dan Visual.
ABSTRACT
Childhood cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth that can metastasize and requires palliative care. Common types include leukaemia, brain tumours, neuroblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Although the exact cause remains unknown, contributing factors include genetics, exposure to carcinogens, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Symptoms may include persistent fever, severe pain, fatigue, and developmental delays. This community service program aims to educate parents on pain management and provide support through emotional and visual distraction therapy. The method applied is action research, consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and evaluation phases. Activities were conducted in collaboration with the Bali Childhood Cancer Care Foundation and included colouring, discussion, and a hope tree session. Pretest results indicated an average pain score of 4, which decreased to 1–2 in the post-test. Patients and families reported positive outcomes. In conclusion, distraction therapy is effective in reducing pain non-pharmacologically and should be sustainably implemented in pediatric palliative care.
Keywords: Children, Family, Pain Management, Emotional and Visual Distraction
Kata Kunci
Referensi
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v8i12.22093
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