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Penguatan Kapasitas Keluarga melalui Edukasi untuk Mendorong Komunikasi Efektif dan Mengurangi Beban Perawatan Pasien Hemodialisis
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ABSTRAK
Pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis membutuhkan dukungan keluarga yang optimal. Namun, keluarga sering menghadapi beban perawatan dan keterbatasan dalam memahami kondisi pasien serta berkomunikasi secara efektif, sehingga dapat memengaruhi kualitas dukungan yang diberikan. Menguatkan kapasitas keluarga melalui edukasi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman penyakit, keterampilan komunikasi terapeutik, manajemen stres, serta mengurangi beban perawatan. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan melalui edukasi terstruktur mengenai penyakit dan perawatan hemodialisis, pelatihan komunikasi efektif, latihan teknik manajemen stres, dan diskusi kelompok. Sebanyak tiga puluh empat keluarga pasien berpartisipasi. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test pengetahuan serta pengukuran beban perawatan menggunakan instrumen beban keluarga. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga sebesar 20% setelah intervensi. Selain itu, terjadi penurunan beban perawatan yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan rerata skor dan pergeseran kategori beban menuju tingkat yang lebih ringan. Kesimpulan: Edukasi komprehensif efektif dalam meningkatkan kapasitas keluarga, memperbaiki kualitas komunikasi keluarga–pasien, dan mengurangi beban perawatan. Program ini memiliki dampak positif dan berpotensi menjadi model pendampingan keluarga di unit hemodialisis.
Kata Kunci: Edukasi Keluarga, Hemodialisis, Beban Perawatan, Komunikasi Terapeutik, Manajemen Stres, Dukungan Keluarga.
ABSTRACT
Patients undergoing hemodialysis require strong family support, yet family caregivers often experience a heavy caregiving burden and limitations in understanding the patient’s condition and communicating effectively. To strengthen family capacity through education aimed at improving disease understanding, therapeutic communication skills, stress management, and reducing caregiving burden. Methods: This community engagement program consisted of structured educational sessions on hemodialysis care, effective communication training, stress-management exercises, and group discussions. Thirty-four family caregivers participated. Evaluation included pre- and post-test knowledge assessments and caregiving burden measurements using a standardized family burden instrument. Results: Family knowledge increased by 20% following the intervention. A reduction in caregiving burden was observed, reflected by decreased mean burden scores and a shift toward lighter burden categories. Conclusion: Comprehensive education effectively enhances family capacity, improves patient–family communication, and reduces caregiving burden. This program demonstrates positive outcomes and may serve as a model for family-support interventions in hemodialysis units.
Keywords: Family Education, Hemodialysis, Caregiving Burden, Therapeutic Communication, Stress Management, Family Support.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v9i1.23740
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