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Pemberdayaan Partisipatif Kelompok Perawatan Diri Penderita Kusta dengan Kecacatan
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ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Kecacatan dan stigma pada penyintas kusta masih menjadi tantangan utama kesehatan masyarakat, terutama pada individu dengan gangguan menetap yang berdampak pada partisipasi sosial, kemandirian ekonomi, dan kualitas hidup. Pemberdayaan berbasis masyarakat menjadi salah satu strategi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan perawatan diri, dan produktivitas. Tujuan: Meningkatkan kemandirian dan kualitas hidup penderita kusta dengan kecacatan melalui pemberdayaan partisipatif kelompok perawatan diri. Metode: Intervensi dilakukan di Subdesa Harapan Baru, Desa Sebulu, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur pada Mei–Agustus 2025 dengan melibatkan 25 penyintas kusta (76% cacat tingkat 2; 24% cacat tingkat 1). Kegiatan meliputi pendidikan kesehatan, pelatihan perawatan diri, dan penguatan kualitas hidup. Evaluasi dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan instrumen AQoL-4D. Hasil: peningkatan pengetahuan dan kualitas hidup. Proporsi peserta dengan pengetahuan tinggi meningkat dari 4% menjadi 36%, sementara pengetahuan rendah menurun dari 48% menjadi 32%. Kualitas hidup membaik dengan penurunan kategori gangguan tinggi dari 40% menjadi 12%, serta peningkatan kategori sedang dari 40% menjadi 56% dan kategori rendah dari 20% menjadi 32%. Kesimpulan: Intervensi partisipatif terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kualitas hidup penyintas kusta dengan kecacatan. Dukungan berkelanjutan dari pemangku kepentingan diperlukan untuk mempertahankan kemandirian, mengurangi stigma, dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
Kata Kunci: Kecacatan Kusta, Pengetahuan, Kualitas Hidup, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.
ABSTRACT
Disability and stigma among persons affected by leprosy remain major public health challenges, particularly among individuals with permanent impairments that limit social participation, economic independence, and quality of life. Community-based empowerment has emerged as a key strategy to improve knowledge, self-care practices, and productivity. To enhance independence and quality of life among persons with leprosy-related disabilities through participatory empowerment of self-care groups. A community-based participatory intervention was conducted in Harapan Baru Sub-village, Sebulu Village, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, from May to August 2025, involving 25 leprosy survivors (76% with grade 2 disability; 24% with grade 1 disability). The intervention included health education, self-care training, and quality-of-life strengthening activities. Evaluation was performed before and after the intervention using structured questionnaires and the AQoL-4D instrument. The intervention resulted in improved knowledge and quality of life. The proportion of participants with high knowledge increased from 4% to 36%, while those with low knowledge decreased from 48% to 32%. Quality of life improved, as indicated by a reduction in the high impairment category from 40% to 12%, and increases in the moderate (40% to 56%) and low (20% to 32%) categories. Participatory intervention is effective in improving knowledge and quality of life among persons affected by leprosy with disabilities. Sustained support from stakeholders is essential to maintain independence, reduce stigma, and enhance overall well-being.
Keywords: Leprosy Disability, Knowledge, Quality of Life, Community Empowerment.
Kata Kunci
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v9i6.25900
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