Pengendalian Bionomik Malaria dengan Partisipasi Kader di Desa Tangkit Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi

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ABSTRAK

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di beberapa wilayah Indonesia, termasuk daerah pedesaan dengan kondisi lingkungan yang mendukung perkembangbiakan vektor nyamuk Anopheles. Pendekatan pengendalian berbasis masyarakat melalui partisipasi kader kesehatan merupakan strategi efektif dalam pengendalian bionomik malaria. Pengabdian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh partisipasi kader terhadap pengendalian bionomik malaria di Desa Tangkit, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Pengambilan menggunakan desain quasi experiment dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test. Populasi kader adalah masyarakat Desa Tangkit dengan sampel 20 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Intervensi dilakukan melalui pelatihan kader, edukasi masyarakat, survei jentik, pemetaan tempat perindukan nyamuk, dan gotong royong lingkungan selama tiga bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan pengukuran kepadatan larva. Hasil pengambilan data menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan kader dari skor 61,4 menjadi 86,7 setelah pelatihan. House Index menurun dari 37% menjadi 17%, Container Index dari 41% menjadi 17%, dan Breteau Index dari 55 menjadi 21. Partisipasi masyarakat meningkat melalui pemberantasan sarang nyamuk, pengelolaan lingkungan, serta penggunaan kelambu dan repellent. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi kader efektif meningkatkan pengendalian bionomik malaria melalui perubahan perilaku masyarakat dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Program pemberdayaan kader perlu dikembangkan berkelanjutan sebagai strategi berbasis masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Malaria, Bionomik, Kader, Pengendalian Vektor, Kesehatan Lingkungan.

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a significant public health problem in several regions of Indonesia, particularly in rural areas with environmental conditions that support the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes as vectors. A community-based control approach through the involvement of health cadres is considered an effective strategy in malaria bionomic control. This study aimed to analyze the effect of cadre participation on malaria bionomic control in Tangkit Village, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach was used. The study population was the community of Tangkit Village, with a sample of 20 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The intervention included cadre training, community education, larval surveys, mapping of mosquito breeding sites, and environmental clean-up activities conducted over three months. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and larval density measurements. The results showed an increase in cadre knowledge scores from 61.4 to 86.7 after training. The House Index decreased from 37% to 17%, the Container Index from 41% to 17%, and the Breteau Index from 55 to 21. Community participation increased through elimination of breeding sites, environmental management, and use of bed nets and repellents. In conclusion, cadre participation was effective in improving malaria bionomic control through behavioral change and environmental management. Cadre empowerment programs should be developed sustainably as a community-based strategy.

Keywords: Malaria, Bionomics, Cadre, Vector Control, Environmental Health.