EFEKTIVITAS EXPRESSIVE WRITING THERAPY UNTUK MENURUNKAN GEJALA PTSD PADA KORBAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

Refani Saffanah* -  Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Dewi Sartika -  Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Fanni Putri Diantina -  Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/jpm.v8i2.25366

Supp. File(s): common.other

Abstrak

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) berdampak serius pada kesehatan mental dan dapat memicu posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas expressive writing therapy (EWT) dalam menurunkan gejala PTSD pada istri korban KDRT di P2KBP3A Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah one group pretest-posttest dengan tiga partisipan perempuan yang memenuhi kriteria PTSD berdasarkan PCL-5, sudah bercerai, berpendidikan minimal SMA, dan menyatakan kesediaan mengikuti proses penelitian. Pengukuran PTSD dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Intervensi dilakukan dalam 7 sesi. Analisis data menggunakan uji t paired samples dan N-gain. Hasil menunjukkan penurunan skor PTSD sebesar 43.3% dengan perbedaan signifikan antara pretest dan posttest. Penurunan terbesar terjadi pada aspek negative alterations in mood and cognition, sementara aspek avoidance tidak berubah. Nilai N-gain sebesar 44% menunjukkan efektivitas EWT tergolong kurang optimal. Dengan demikian, EWT memberikan pengaruh terhadap penurunan gejala PTSD, namun efektivitasnya belum optimal. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa EWT dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai intervensi untuk menurunkan gejala PTSD pada korban KDRT, namun diperlukan modifikasi atau kombinasi intervensi lain untuk meningkatkan efektivitasnya dan menangani gejala secara lebih menyeluruh.

 

Kata Kunci: Terapi Menulis Ekspresif, Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT), Gangguan Stres Pasca Trauma

 

Abstract

Domestic violence has serious impacts on mental health and can trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy (EWT) in reducing PTSD symptoms among wives who were victims of domestic violence at P2KBP3A, West Bandung Regency. The study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving three female participants who met the criteria for PTSD based on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), were divorced, had at least a high school education, and consented to participate in the study. PTSD symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention using the PCL-5. The EWT intervention was conducted in seven sessions. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests and N-gain analysis. The results showed a 43.3% reduction in PTSD scores, with a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The greatest reduction occurred in the negative alterations in mood and cognition domain, while the avoidance domain showed no change. The N-gain value of 44% indicates that the effectiveness of EWT was considered low. Thus, EWT had an effect on reducing PTSD symptoms; however, its effectiveness was not optimal. These findings suggest that EWT may be considered as an intervention to reduce PTSD symptoms among victims of domestic violence, but modifications or combinations with other interventions are needed to enhance its effectiveness and address symptoms more comprehensively.

 

Keywords: Expressive Writing Therapy, Domestic Violence,  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Supplement Files

Keywords : Expressive Writing Therapy, KDRT, PTSD

  1. Deborah, S., Muthmainnah, A., Herlinda, L., & Tanawi, S. S. (2018). Trauma dan Resiliensi Pada Wanita Penyintas Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MANASA, 7, 121–130.
  2. Hansen, N. B., Miller, M. R., & Amacker, A. M. (2021). Emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms in female survivors of intimate partner violence. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(1), 64–72.
  3. Hapsari, A. D. (2020). Pengaruh Program Menulis Ekspresif Terhadap Simtom-Simtom Gangguan Stres Pasca Trauma Pada Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Domestik (Vol. 9, Issue 1). Bulan Maret.
  4. Hien, D. A., Leong, F. T. L., & Simpson, H. B. (2021). Cultural influences on trauma disclosure and somatic symptoms among Asian survivors of intimate partner violence. Asian Journal of Psychiatry.
  5. Junaedi, M. Y. (2021). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5) versi Indonesia pada penyintas COVID-19 di Yogyakarta.
  6. Karakurt, G., Koç, E., Katta, P., Jones, N., & Bolen, S. D. (2022). The impact of intimate partner violence on women’s mental health: An updated systematic review. Journal of Family Violence, 37(8), 1373–1386.
  7. Koopman, C., Ismailji, T., Holmes, D., Classen, C. C., Palesh, O., & Wales, T. (2005). The effects of expressive writing on pain, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in survivors of intimate partner violence. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105305049769
  8. Kunst, M. J. J., Bogaerts, S., & Winkel, F. W. (2020). Peer victimization, posttraumatic stress, and somatic complaints: A longitudinal study of Dutch adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect.
  9. Laskey, P., Bates, E. A., & Taylor, J. C. (2019). A systematic literature review of intimate partner violence victimisation: An inclusive review across gender and sexuality. In Aggression and Violent Behavior (Vol. 47, pp. 1–11). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.014
  10. Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Starling, E., & Bisson, J. I. (2020). Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1729633
  11. Melathy, C. E., & Astuti, T. P. (2014). Pengaruh Menulis Ekspresif terhadap Kecemasan pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II. Jurnal EMPATI, 3(4).
  12. Molina, J. E., & Matud, M. P. (2024). Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Distress, Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Life Satisfaction in Colombian Women. Behavioral Sciences, 14(10), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100940
  13. Pavlacic, J. M., Buchanan, E. M., Maxwell, N. P., Hopke, T. G., & Schulenberg, S. E. (2019). A Meta-Analysis of Expressive Writing on Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Growth, and Quality of Life. Review of General Psychology, 23(2), 230–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019831645
  14. Pennebaker, J. W., & Evans, J. F. (2014). Expressive writing : words that heal (J. Dyer, Ed.). Idyll Arbor, Inc.
  15. Pennebaker, J. W., & Smyth, M. J. (2016). Opening Up By Writing It Down (Third).
  16. Pereira, M. E., Azeredo, A., Moreira, D., Brandão, I., & Almeida, F. (2020). Personality characteristics of victims of intimate partner violence: A systematic review. In Aggression and Violent Behavior (Vol. 52). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101423
  17. Price, M., Legrand, A. C., Brier, Z. M. F., & Hébert-Dufresne, L. (2022). Emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic risk factor for traumatic stress and depression in a trauma-exposed sample. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(4), 587–595.
  18. Qian, J., Zhou, X., Sun, X., Wu, M., Sun, S., & Yu, X. (2020). Effects of expressive writing intervention for women’s PTSD, depression, anxiety and stress related to pregnancy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. In Psychiatry Research (Vol. 288). Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112933
  19. Ruidahasi, T. D., Kartikasari, M., & Nashori, H. F. (2022). Validasi Modul Terapi ZIkir Istigfar Untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi dan Menurunkan Gejala Gangguan Stres Pascatrauma Pada Orang Dewasa. In Jurnal Empati (Vol. 10, Issue 5).
  20. Sloan, D. M., Marx, B. P., Lee, D. J., & Resick, P. A. (2015). A brief, exposure-based treatment vs cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(3), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1709
  21. Travagin, G., Margola, D., & Revenson, T. A. (2015). How effective are expressive writing interventions for adolescents? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 36.
  22. Vanzhula, I. A., Calebs, B. H., & Fewell, L. K. (2020). Emotion avoidance and fear of emotion in trauma-related disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
  23. Watkins, L. E., Sprang, K. R., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). Treating PTSD: A review of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions. In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (Vol. 12). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00258

Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Psikologi Malahayati
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.